Small-scale aquaculture plays a significant role in improving rural livelihoods and promoting women’s economic empowerment. This short communication presents a case study of Chapala Mahato, a rural woman from Purulia district, West Bengal, who adopted scientific fish farming practices through training and technical handholding. By shifting from traditional carp culture to improved spawn rearing and grow-out practices in a small pond (16 decimals), she achieved substantial income enhancement within a short period. With a modest investment of Rs. 8,500, she generated a net return of Rs. 39,012 and a benefit–cost ratio of 5.59. The case highlights the potential of low-input, women-led pisciculture enterprises for sustainable livelihood development.