Small-scale fisheries play a significant role in food security and livelihood sustainability in Sudan; however, limited information exists regarding the socio-economic conditions of fishermen in Khartoum State. This study aimed to assess the socio-economic characteristics of capture fishermen in Jebel Aulia and El Mawrada areas. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted with 49 fishermen to collect data on demographic characteristics, educational level, marital status, employment type (full-time or part-time), fishing experience, ownership status, seasonal catch and income patterns, training exposure, and technical skills in fishing practices.

The results indicated that fishing is predominantly a male-dominated occupation, with most fishermen falling within the economically active age group. Educational attainment was generally low to moderate, and the majority were married with large household sizes. Most respondents depended on fishing as their primary occupation, with significant seasonal variation in catch volume and income. Limited access to formal training programs and modern fishing technologies was observed. Ownership patterns showed a mixture of self-owned and shared fishing assets. Income instability during off-seasons posed a major socio-economic challenge.